Etnies Sneakers for Women: A Detailed Overview
Intro
Etnies sneakers have etched a significant mark on the landscape of skateboarding culture, especially for women who seek both style and performance in their footwear. As the skateboarding scene continues to evolve, brands like Etnies are making strides to cater specifically to female skaters, blending functionality with fashionable designs. This comprehensive guide aims to explore the multifaceted world of Etnies sneakers crafted for women, unveiling the nuances of their history, the design philosophy, and the variety of models available.
Skateboarding isn’t just a sport; it’s a lifestyle. The shoes you wear can either enhance your performance on the board or hinder it. Therefore, it's crucial to select the right gear, and Etnies provides an exciting range that appeals to skaters of all levels. Knowing how these shoes are made with both skateboarding necessities and style in mind prepares both seasoned pros and newcomers to make informed choices.
Essential Skateboarding Gear
While Etnies sneakers stand out, they aren’t the only gear that holds importance in the skateboarding world. Every skater needs a solid setup to perform at their best. This section looks at the essential pieces of equipment that go hand in hand with Etnies sneakers.
Top Picks for Skateboards and Accessories
When it comes to skateboarding, having the right board can make all the difference. Here are some top picks to consider that pair well with Etnies sneakers:
- Element Skateboards: Known for their durability and stability, these boards are a great choice for any level of skater.
- Santa Cruz Skateboards: With a blend of pop and design, they are perfect for those who enjoy creative tricks.
- Independent Trucks: Reliable and sturdy, they provide the support needed for any tricks.
- Spitfire Wheels: These wheels are built to last, ensuring smooth rides on various terrains.
Additionally, accessories like helmets, pads, and grip tape shouldn’t be overlooked. They can also contribute to performance and safety, enhancing the overall skating experience.
Maintenance Tips for Longevity
Just like any investment, proper maintenance ensures your gear lasts longer. For Etnies sneakers, consider these tips:
- Regular cleaning: Remove dirt and grime after each session by using a damp cloth. This helps to preserve the shoe’s appearance.
- Protective sprays: Use a water-repellent spray to guard against moisture and stains.
- Rotate your shoes: If you skate frequently, having multiple pairs gives each pair time to breathe, prolonging their lifespan.
These simple efforts will keep your Etnies performing well and looking fresh.
"Choosing the right sneakers is like picking the best board; it shapes your skating experience."
Skateboarding Tricks and Tutorials
While having the right sneakers is key, understanding how to utilize them effectively is essential. Mastering tricks can take you from a novice to an experienced skater. Let's break down some fundamental techniques.
Beginner Tricks to Get You Started
For those just stepping onto the board:
- Ollie: The foundational trick that allows you to hop off the ground.
- Kickflip: A natural progression from the ollie, this involves flipping the board with your foot.
- Manual: Balancing on either your front or back wheels, it’s a simple way to gain control.
Advanced Techniques for Seasoned Skaters
Once you've grasped the basics, it’s time to delve into more intricate maneuvers:
- Heelflip: A variant of the kickflip, using the heel to flip the board.
- Board Slide: Sliding along a rail or ledge, showcasing balance and style.
- 360 Flip: A combination of the ollie and kickflip, it’s both visually appealing and challenging.
Practicing these tricks while wearing Etnies sneakers can offer the support and grip needed to elevate your skating skills.
In summary, this exploration into Etnies sneakers for women reveals not only the careful thought that goes into their design but also how essential they are within the larger scope of skating culture. Keeping abreast of gear like skateboards and mastering tricks ensures that every woman can find her place within this vibrant community.
Prelims to Etnies Footwear
Etnies has carved a niche in the realm of skate shoes, particularly resonating with women who cherish both style and functionality. The brand's commitment goes beyond simply creating footwear; it's about encapsulating the essence of skate culture and offering practical solutions to its community. In this article, we will delve into the importance of Etnies sneakers designed specifically for women, highlighting their impact on performance, style, and sustainability. One cannot overlook how Etnies balances unique designs with lasting durability, making them a go-to for skate enthusiasts.
Evolution of Etnies as a Brand
Etnies was birthed in the late 1980s by Pierre Andre Senizergues, emerging at a time when skateboarding was gaining traction as a lifestyle rather than just a sport. Initially focused on the core skate community, Etnies has evolved significantly. From humble beginnings, the brand has embraced technological advancements and shifted to a more inclusive approach, recognizing the growing number of female skateboarders. In doing so, Etnies has rolled out an array of women’s sneakers that blend aesthetics with practicalities.
The introduction of specific lines aimed at women marks a defining moment in the brand's evolution. By considering the unique needs of female skaters—whether it’s a different fit or preferred style choices—Etnies has placed itself at the forefront of the industry, ensuring women don’t just settle for unisex options. Their history is punctuated by a commitment to refining designs that resonate with female riders, which ultimately reflects a broader societal shift towards gender inclusivity in sports.
As the brand evolved, so did its partnerships and collaborations. Etnies worked with professional female skaters who helped shape the sneaker line. This collaboration has ensured that the product not only looks sharp but performs remarkably on the board.
Etnies' Commitment to Skate Culture
Etnies has made significant strides in reinforcing its connection to skate culture. The brand actively supports events, scholarships, and initiatives that uplift young and aspiring skaters. More than just a footwear manufacturer, Etnies embodies a lifestyle that promotes passion for skateboarding while prioritizing community engagement.
For instance, Etnies has launched community skate parks, which serve as hubs for local skaters to gather and improve their skills. These parks provide not only a space for practice but also foster camaraderie among skaters. The brand further solidifies its commitment through various sponsorship programs for talented athletes, ensuring that new voices in the sports arena are heard and celebrated.
Moreover, Etnies is continually involved in conversations surrounding environmental responsibility, a topic increasingly prominent in skate culture. This acknowledgment is crucial as consumers are increasingly looking to support brands that align with their values. In essence, Etnies stands as a beacon within the skate community, promoting not just skating but a collective ethos that champions both performance and sustainability.
"Etnies isn’t just about shoes; it’s about fostering an entire culture of resilience, creativity, and diversity."
The Women's Collection
The Women's Collection of Etnies sneakers holds significant importance within this comprehensive overview. It reflects the brand's recognition and response to the unique needs of female skateboarders and fashion enthusiasts. By offering a specialized line of footwear, Etnies demonstrates its commitment to inclusivity and acknowledges the growing presence of women in skate culture. This collection not only emphasizes performance but also prioritizes style, catering to a demographic that craves both functionality and aesthetics in their footwear choices.
Diversity in Design
Etnies showcases a remarkable diversity in design within its women's collection, ensuring that there is a suitable option for various tastes and preferences. From sporty, athletic silhouettes to more chic and casual designs, the range is thoughtfully curated to make every woman feel comfortable and stylish while skating or simply hanging out.
One notable aspect of this diversity is the use of color palettes. Etnies often combines vibrant hues with more subdued tones, allowing wearers to express their individuality. For instance, while some models might feature eye-popping colors like electric pink or bright teal, others lean towards classic blacks and whites, appealing to those who prefer understated elegance.
In addition to colors, the materials used in crafting these sneakers showcase a mindful approach towards both style and performance.
- Mesh fabric for breathability
- Suede for durability
- Synthetic leather for water resistance
This variety in materials serves a dual purpose: it enhances the shoe's performance on the board and ensures that they last. The mix of textures and finishes it also adds a layer of interest to the overall design, making them suitable for both skating and everyday wear.
Signature Styles for Women
Within the vast array of choices, Etnies features signature styles for women that have become synonymous with the brand's ethos and skate culture. These models stand out not just for their functionality but also for their unique flair, which has been largely shaped by feedback from female skaters themselves.
Some standout models include the Marana and the Janic. Both have been designed with input from female athletes, ensuring that they meet specific needs on the board:
- Marana: Known for its robust construction and excellent grip, this model effectively balances style and performance.
- Janic: Offers a lighter option without sacrificing support, making it ideal for those who prefer agility.
These signature styles exemplify Etnies' dedication to crafting products that align with the reality of skating as experienced by women. They also serve as a point of connection within the skate community, enabling wearers to express their identity while adhering to the standards of functionality needed in their sport.
"Skateboarding transcends gender; it's about a shared passion for creativity and challenge."
As the landscape of skate culture continues to evolve, Etnies remains committed to creating styles that empower women, helping them to not only look good but also feel confident on their boards.
Performance Features of Etnies Sneakers
When it comes to Etnies sneakers, performance features are of utmost importance. The unique demands of skateboarding require footwear that not only looks good but also performs exceptionally well. Here, we delve into key elements such as cushioning, support mechanisms, grip, and traction, which are crucial for skating enthusiasts, allowing them to push their limits both in the park and on the streets.
Cushioning and Support Mechanisms
Cushioning in Etnies footwear plays a significant role in ensuring comfort, especially for women who participate in skating for extended periods. The brand utilizes specialized foam technology that absorbs impact and minimizes stress on joints. This is particularly beneficial when landing tricks, as it helps to lessen the jarring effects that can lead to injuries.
Moreover, Etnies integrates internal support structures in their sneakers, which provide stability without compromising flexibility. For instance, the System G cushioning in several models is designed to mold according to the wearer's foot, improving both comfort and performance. Women seeking a lightweight sneaker that maintains excellent support and feel will find this feature invaluable when skating.
"Etnies understands that both comfort and performance matter, especially for female skaters who demand function without sacrificing style."
This attention to cushioning and support has set Etnies apart in the competitive world of skate shoes. Riders report that these sneakers not only enhance their skating experience but reduce fatigue during long sessions, making them a top choice for many.
Grip and Traction for Skateboarding
Every skater knows that grip is king. The grip and traction systems of Etnies sneakers are meticulously engineered to offer reliable performance on different surfaces. The outsoles of these sneakers often incorporate rubber compounds that maximize friction, allowing for precise control during tricks and landings.
An example includes the STI Evolution Foam found in various women's models. This durable rubber provides superior grip while maintaining sensitivity, which allows skaters to feel the board beneath their feet. It’s this balance that helps improve performance and confidence when attempting new maneuvers.
Skaters also appreciate the tread patterns designed specifically for durability and traction. Etnies often employs a herringbone pattern that enhances grip during both aggressive skateboarding and casual wear. Not only does this feature give confidence during high-speed maneuvers, but it also ensures safety during day-to-day activities off the board.
When engaging with Etnies sneakers, one can see how performance isn't just an afterthought; it's a fundamental part of the design philosophy. Whether a person is a seasoned skater or a casual rider, understanding these features helps in making informed choices about which model best fits their needs.
In summary, the performance features embedded in Etnies sneakers for women, such as advanced cushioning and superior grip, play a vital role in enhancing the overall skating experience. They combine style and functionality, making these sneakers relevant not just in skate culture but also for women who prioritize comfort and performance.
Sustainability and Innovation
In today's world, where environmental consciousness is rising rapidly, sustainability and innovation have become central pillars not only for businesses but also for consumers' choices. Etnies, deeply rooted in skate culture, has recognized this shift and is embracing it wholeheartedly. Their focus on sustainable practices reflects not just a trend but a long-term commitment to the planet. This section explores how Etnies is weaving sustainability into their production and operations while also adopting innovative measures to lead the industry forward.
Eco-Friendly Materials in Production
Etnies places a strong emphasis on the materials used in crafting their sneakers. The incorporation of recycled, organic, and eco-friendly materials is a hallmark of their production process. This includes using recycled rubber for outsoles, which contributes to reducing waste. Furthermore, the brand is increasingly looking into cotton that is grown without pesticides, which benefits both the environment and the communities that cultivate it.
Another noteworthy material is water-based adhesives that replace chemical-heavy options. This helps reduce toxic emissions during the manufacturing stage. The shift to these sustainable materials doesn't just make for an eco-friendlier product; it often results in lighter and more breathable footwear, enhancing each wearer's experience.
In the words of Etnies:
"Creating products that benefit the environment while maintaining performance quality defines our modern footprint."
The combination of sustainability and practical features ensures that skaters and casual wearers alike can feel good about their choices, both for themselves and the planet.
Recent Initiatives for Sustainability
Etnies continues to roll out new initiatives aimed at upping its game in sustainability. An important initiative is their "Buy a Shoe, Plant a Tree" program, which aims to counterbalance the carbon footprint associated with sneaker production. For every pair of Etnies purchased, a tree is planted in a place where reforestation is crucial, making a tangible impact on restoring the environment.
Additionally, Etnies collaborates with environmental organizations to promote awareness and action on climate change and sustainability within the skate community. This partnership not only amplifies their message but also inspires other brands to contemplate their environmental responsibilities.
Another aspect worth mentioning is their commitment to improving energy efficiency. Manufacturing processes have been re-evaluated to minimize waste and energy usage, focusing on renewable energy sources whenever possible.
As skateboarding evolves, so too does Etnies. By integrating sustainability and innovation, Etnies does not merely follow industry trends; they set an example for others to follow. This commitment ensures that both seasoned skaters and newcomers alike can step into their favorite kicks with an understanding that their choice is one towards a better future.
Choosing the Right Etnies Models
When it comes to purchasing Etnies sneakers, the decision can feel as overwhelming as facing a half-pipe for the first time. Selecting the right model isn't just about aesthetics; it encompasses comfort, performance, and how well the sneakers align with your personal style and activities. Whether you’re tearing up the skate park or simply looking for a fashionable everyday option, the right Etnies pair can make a world of difference in your experience.
Finding the Perfect Fit
One of the key elements in choosing Etnies sneakers is understanding how fit impacts both performance and comfort. A snug fit ensures that your foot is securely in place, reducing the risk of blisters or slipping while skating. Etnies sizing can vary between different models, so it’s wise to try on several pairs before making a commitment.
"The right fit is like having a second skin on your foot—comfortable, supportive, and unnoticeable until you need it."
Here are some tips to help find that perfect fit:
- Know Your Size: Etnies sneakers come in various fits, including wide and narrow options. Knowing your true size can save a lot of heartache.
- Check the Cushioning: Some models incorporate extra padding around the ankle, providing additional support—a significant aspect if you're hitting the skateboard hard.
- Test the Flexibility: Make sure to walk a bit while wearing them. They should bend with your feet, not against them.
Ultimately, a well-fitted sneaker can elevate your skateboarding experience, allowing you to focus on improving your skills without the distraction of discomfort.
Styles Suited for Different Activities
Different activities require different styles, and Etnies offers a versatile range designed with this in mind. Whether you’re focused on performance, casual outings, or attending skate events, there is a model for every occasion. Here are a few aspects to consider:
- Skateboarding: Look for models with enhanced grip and durability. Shoes like the Etnies Marana provide excellent support for tricks while maintaining stability on the board.
- Casual Wear: Sneakers like the Etnies Fader blend skate-inspired aesthetics with everyday comfort. They’re effortlessly stylish for running errands or hanging out with friends.
- Outdoor Activities: If you're into more than just skating—like hiking or biking—Etnies has some rugged options that offer support and breathability, suitable for a variety of terrains.
In choosing the right model, think about how you intend to use your sneakers. Having good options can personalize your skate experience while matching your daily style.
By being mindful of fit and the specific activities matched with Etnies models, you’ll not only feel better on your feet but could also enhance your overall skate performance.
User Experience and Reviews
User experience is a cornerstone of any product discussion, and when it comes to sneakers, especially those crafted for a specific demographic like women, it becomes crucial. Reviews offer insights that go beyond mere marketing pitches, diving deep into how these shoes perform in real-life scenarios. They reveal what the everyday skater experiences, including comfort, durability, and style, providing a clearer picture of what Etnies sneakers deliver in practice. Such perspectives are invaluable for prospective buyers wanting to make informed decisions.
Customer Feedback on Comfort
Comfort stands at the forefront of any footwear choice, particularly in the realm of skateboarding where long hours on the board are the norm. Customer feedback indicates that many Etnies models have prioritized cushioning and support. Many users praise the plush insoles and padded collars, which help reduce fatigue during extended use. A common sentiment is that skaters enjoy the snug fit without sacrificing ease of movement – no one wants a shoe that feels like a vice grip when they’re trying to land that trick.
- Positive Aspects:-
- Soft, cushioned insoles
- Breathable materials
- Reduced break-in period
However, not every feedback is roses. Some skaters note that certain styles run narrow or may not accommodate wider feet comfortably. This kind of input can guide future customers, helping them select the right fit and avoid unnecessary discomfort.
"I found my Etnies to be super comfy right off the bat. I could skate for hours without my feet feeling like they’d been through the wringer!"
— A passionate user review
Performance Insights from Skaters
Skaters have unique demands when it comes to their footwear, and performance builds the very heart of those choices. Insights from seasoned skaters indicate that Etnies deliver solid performance on various surfaces. The shoes provide ample grip, ensuring skaters remain grounded during those killer moves. The rubber outsoles are designed with different tread patterns which contribute to traction, giving the confidence needed for intricate tricks.
A few notable mentions in user reviews shed light on the aspect of durability. Many agree that despite frequent wear and tear, Etnies models hold up pretty well compared to other brands. Users highlight that the stitching remains intact even after months of skating.
To summarize, here are key points lifted from user experiences:
- Durability: Lasts through consistent use.
- Traction: Excellent grip for tricks.
- Flexibility: Allows natural foot movement during performance.
Reviews from the skating community aren’t just vanity metrics; they’re reflections of the product's performance in tough conditions. Understanding these elements helps skaters, influencers, and all those in the orbit of skate culture make appropriate choices, ensuring they invest in gear that suits their needs.
Comparing Etnies to Other Brands
When it comes to selecting the right footwear for skateboarding or casual wear, understanding how Etnies sneakers stack up against other brands is fundamental. The landscape of skate shoes is crowded, with numerous options clamoring for a skater’s attention. Yet, Etnies has carved out a distinct niche thanks to its rich heritage and commitment to skateboard culture.
By taking a closer look at the elements that set Etnies apart, we can appreciate the specific benefits and considerations that come into play—ensuring skaters find a balance between style, comfort, and performance.
Noteworthy Competitors in the Market
Etnies is not alone in the skate footwear realm. The competition is fierce, with several brands making significant strides. Here are a few notable ones:
- Vans: Known for their classic Old Skool and Slip-On styles, Vans embodies the laid-back vibe of skate culture. Their shoes are widely loved for their comfort and versatile styling.
- Nike SB: This sub-brand from Nike has created a strong foothold in the skating world by merging high-performance features with the trendy aesthetics that skaters seek.
- Adidas Skateboarding: With models like the Busenitz and the Scott, Adidas combines soccer-inspired designs with durability, appealing to skaters who appreciate sleek looks alongside functionality.
- DC Shoes: Particularly popular with younger audiences, DC Shoes offers bold designs that aim for both performance and style, tapping into the flashy side of the skate culture.
Each of these brands has its strengths and weaknesses, making them relevant players in the analysis of Etnies sneakers.
Price Point Comparison
Money matters when it comes to making a purchase decision. Etnies aligns well within the budget-conscious range of the skate shoes market, which is an important factor for many. Here’s a breakdown of how Etnies compares:
- Etnies: Generally priced from $60 to $100, Etnies sneakers offer great value for their quality. They often feature technologies like STI Foam and Pro Foam that enhance durability without breaking the bank.
- Vans: Prices range from $50 to $90, depending on the model, which means skaters can find budget-friendly options without sacrificing style.
- Nike SB: Expect to pay around $80 to $120 for performance-driven models. The price reflects the brand’s heritage and engineering prowess in performance footwear.
- Adidas Skateboarding: Starting around $75, their shoes can go up to $140 for premium collaborations, showcasing the blend of performance and high-end design.
- DC Shoes: Comparable to Etnies, with prices ranging from $60 to $110, they provide a similar offering that challenges skaters to find their perfect fit for passion and budget.
Ultimately, skaters have to balance their personal preferences with their budget when looking at brands. Etnies stands out not just for style, but for offering practical performance features that resonate with a wide audience of skaters, newcomers, and enthusiasts alike.
"Choosing the right skate shoe isn't just about looks; it's about comfort, stability, and how it complements your style on the board."
Being well-informed before making a purchase ensures that skaters, influencers, and retailers make wise choices that resonate with their unique needs.
Caring for Your Etnies Sneakers
Caring for your Etnies sneakers is pivotal for maintaining their longevity and performance, especially considering the brand's deep ties to the skateboarding culture. Proper care not only enhances the durability of your sneakers but also ensures they remain stylish and functional, matching the high-octane lifestyle of their wearers. Skaters, influencers, and designers alike need to recognize the value of keeping those kicks in top shape. After all, there's nothing worse than a favorite pair of sneakers falling apart when you need them the most.
Best Practices for Maintenance
To get the most out of your Etnies, follow these best practices:
- Regular Cleaning: Skate shoes are bound to get dirty, whether from the skatepark, the street, or even just casual wear. It's wise to clean them regularly. Use a damp cloth for light dirt and a soft brush for tougher stains.
- Avoid Harsh Chemicals: Stick to mild cleaners. Harsh detergents can degrade the materials, leading to early wear. You want to preserve the integrity of the shoes without causing any damage.
- Air Drying: After cleaning, let your sneakers air dry at room temperature. Avoid direct sunlight or heat sources which can warp the materials.
- Store Properly: When not in use, keep your Etnies in a cool, dry place. Avoid stacking them too tightly; allow some airflow to prevent odor accumulation.
With these practices, your sneakers will maintain their appeal and performance even after several sessions at the skatepark.
Repairing Common Wear and Tear
Despite the best of intentions, wear and tear is sometimes inevitable, especially in the high-impact world of skateboarding. Here are some insights into addressing and repairing common issues:
- Sole Separation: If you notice the sole beginning to peel away from the upper, apply a quality shoe adhesive specifically meant for sneaker repairs. Hold it in place with a weight for a few hours to ensure a strong bond.
- Scuffs and Scratches: For those unsightly marks, a magic eraser can do wonders. Just dampen it and gently rub over the affected area. You'd be surprised at how well this can clean up the appearance.
- Laces and Eyelets: If laces fray or eyelets break, replacing them can be simple. Laces are easy to find at most retailers, while eyelet repair kits can restore functionality in no time.
- Upper Materials: If the mesh or suede upper shows signs of wear, consider using a fabric protector regularly. This can help fend off dirt and moisture, prolonging the material's lifespan.
Taking the time to care for your Etnies and addressing wear and tear not only extends the life of your sneakers but also keeps you looking fresh on and off the board. No one wants to be caught with worn-out sneakers when it's time to hit the streets or look stylish in social settings.
Culmination: The Future of Etnies Sneakers for Women
The conclusion of our exploration into Etnies sneakers for women is not just a summation; rather, it's a glimpse into what lies ahead for this innovative brand within the skate culture framework. Etnies has carved out a niche by recognizing the unique demands and styles of female skateboarders. Their continual commitment to combining aesthetics with performance showcases their understanding of evolving trends in both design and functionality.
As we look to the future, several key elements stand out.
- Emerging Trends in Footwear Design
Etnies is positioned to adapt to shifting fashion paradigms, where women not only want shoes that perform well but express their individuality. This includes integration of customizable options that reflect personal style, along with diverse color palettes and limited editions, which resonate well with a younger, style-conscious audience. - Sustainability Practices
The demand for eco-friendly footwear continues to grow, prompting brands to adopt greener methods. Etnies’ commitment to sustainability is crucial. Expect more models made from recycled materials, along with transparent supply chains, which will resonate even more with ethically-minded consumers. - Innovation in Technology
The future could also bring about enhanced performance features, such as improved cushioning technology and breathable materials that cater specifically to female skaters. Enhancements in grip and support will likely remain a priority, ensuring that the shoes can withstand the rigorous demands of both casual and serious skateboarding.
"Etnies has always been in tune with the pulse of skate culture, but the integration of women's perspectives is what sets it apart."
Anticipated Trends and Developments
Looking ahead, several anticipated trends suggest exciting developments for Etnies sneakers tailored for women.
- Inclusiveness in Design: A broader representation of body types in sneaker sizing and styles can enhance accessibility, catering to a larger number of female skaters.
- Community Engagement: Embracing local skate scenes and female-centric events could solidify brand loyalty. Collaborations with female skaters for signature lines might also foster a stronger connection.
- Tech-Forward Approach: Integration of technology, such as app-enabled shoe adjustments or condition monitoring, may enhance user experience and facilitate engagement with the brand.
Final Thoughts on Etnies' Position in Skate Culture
As we wrap things up, it’s evident that Etnies occupies a pivotal role in transforming women’s footwear within the skateboarding world. Etnies shoes are not merely products; they embody a culture that prioritizes inclusivity and performance. The brand’s dedication to skate culture is palpable, and their future initiatives will undoubtedly drive a continued evolution.
The conversation around women in skateboarding is growing, and Etnies is at the forefront, addressing the needs of this emerging demographic. Combining style with functionality, they remain not just a footwear choice but a symbol of empowerment for female skaters. Moving forward, Etnies will likely continue to innovate, reflecting the aspirations of women who skate, paving the way for a brighter and more inclusive future in skate culture.
